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Throughout human history, deadly infectious diseases emerged occasionally. Even with the present-day advanced healthcare systems, the COVID-19 has caused more than six million deaths worldwide (as of 27 July 2022). Currently, researchers are working to develop tools for better and effective management of the pandemic. "Contact tracing " is one such tool to monitor and control the spread of the disease. However, manual contact tracing is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, manually tracking all potentially infected individuals is a great challenge, especially for an infectious disease like COVID-19. To date, many digital contact tracing applications were developed and used globally to restrain the spread of COVID-19. In this work, we perform a detailed review of the current digital contact tracing technologies. We mention some of their key limitations and propose a fully integrated system for contact tracing of infectious diseases using COVID-19 as a case study. Our system has four main modules-1) case maps;2) exposure detection;3) screening;and 4) health indicators that take multiple inputs like users' self-reported information, measurement of physiological parameters, and information of the confirmed cases from the public health, and keeps a record of contact histories using Bluetooth technology. The system can potentially evaluate the users' risk of getting infected and generate notifications to alert them about the exposure events, risk of infection, or abnormal health indicators. The system further integrates the Web-based information on confirmed COVID-19 cases and screening tools, which potentially increases the adoption rate of the system.
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Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and changes of serum IgG, IgM antibodies in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant. Methods The clinical data of 82 patients with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant was analyzed retrospectively. Based on the presence of pneumonia on chest CT, the patients were divided into pneumonia group and non-pneumonia group. Serum IgG, IgM antibodies were observed at 5 time points T1 (1~<4 d), T2 (4~<8 d), T3 (8~<15 d), T4 (15~<22 d) and T5 (22~<30 d) after admission. Results Among the 82 patients infected with the SARSCoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant strain, there were 62 cases of cough, 31 cases of fever, 33 cases of throat discomfort, 5 cases of muscle soreness and 3 cases of diarrhea. The serum IgG antibody levels at 5 time points were 50.22 (142.20) AU/mL, 326.50 (220.63) AU / mL, 368.23 (76.21) AU / mL, 368.65 (79) AU / mL, and 385.26 (113.10) AU / mL, respectively. The level of serum IgG antibody in the pneumonia group was lower than that of the non-pneumonia group at T1 and T4 time points, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), the positive rate of serum IgG antibody in the pneumonia group was lower than that of the non-pneumonia group at the T1 time point, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The serum IgM antibody levels at 5 time points were 0.41 (0.81) AU/mL, 0.95 (1.62) AU/mL, 1.09 (2.42) AU/mL, 0.74 (3) AU/mL, and 0.81 (3.10) AU / mL respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion The clinical symptoms of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant strain are mild. Serum IgG antibodies increased after infection, but there are some differences between the pneumonia group and the non-pneumonia group, whether serum IgG has a protective effect needs further research;the serum IgM antibodies do not increase highly after infection, there are some differences between individuals. © 2022 Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control. All rights reserved.
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The emerging Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a massive crisis to global public health. World Health Organization (WHO) declared the global pandemic of COVID-19 on March 11, 2020. The progress of 2019- nCoV vaccines cover nearly all forms of current vaccine research, including inactivated vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine, viral vector-based vaccine, nucleic-acid vaccine and live attenuated vaccine, as well as the vaccine design based on novel concepts such as reverse vaccinology and vaccinomics. This article reviews the COVID-19 vaccines in development and clinical trials as well as the challenge in vaccine development. Copyright © 2021 Changchun Institute of Biological Products. All rights reserved.
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The global epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a great threat to human life and health. At present, various types of vaccines have been approved for use worldwide to prevent the spread of the epidemic, among which recombinant vector vaccine plays an important role. Up to May 25, 2021, four vector vaccines have been approved for use in different countries, while 17 ones are in clinical trials and more than 40 ones in preclinical studies. This paper summarizes the research status of recombinant vector vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in the world.
ABSTRACT
The emerging Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a massive crisis to global public health. World Health Organization (WHO) declared the global pandemic of COVID-19 on March 11, 2020. The progress of 2019- nCoV vaccines cover nearly all forms of current vaccine research, including inactivated vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine, viral vector-based vaccine, nucleic-acid vaccine and live attenuated vaccine, as well as the vaccine design based on novel concepts such as reverse vaccinology and vaccinomics. This article reviews the COVID-19 vaccines in de¬velopment and clinical trials as well as the challenge in vaccine development.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the level of attention and knowledge level of dental students in Jiangxi province during the epidemic period of COVID-19, and provide data support for optimizing the training program of dental professionals in the future. METHODS: Two thousand and sixty-five valid questionnaires were collected from stomatological colleges in Jiangxi province through internet. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis, Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used for single factor and multi factor analysis. RESULTS: According to the survey, 74.72% of dental students expressed their concern about the epidemic situation, and 75.93% expressed that they checked the number of confirmed cases in China once or more every day. Students with higher education background, licensed doctor certificate and better family status paid more attention to the epidemic period and frequently checked the information(P<0.05). The categories of information most concerned by all respondents was data such as the number of newly diagnosed patients and the number of cured cases, followed by the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19.The average score of knowledge about epidemic situation was 5.60±1.88. Analysis of influencing factors showed that the knowledge level of women was higher than that of men（OR=1.371，95%CI:1.143-1.644）.Medical students from Hubei province had a good level of knowledge, high education, party members, and students with medical qualifications had a high level of knowledge about epidemic situation of COVID-19(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The epidemic period of COVID-19 is a high concern among dental students in Jiangxi province , and the awareness rate of related knowledge is low. In order to improve the quality of dental personnel training, the medical colleges or school should strengthen the training of students' operations in the hospital, and add relevant courses of public health emergency in the training program.
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Objective: To identify potential SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitors from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) by molecular docking approach. Method(s): To alternate extensive compounds experimental screening processes, a Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) based molecular docking technology was performed to explore existing drug repurposing possibilities. Molecular docking model with Schrodinger suit 2018 was used to evaluate the binding abilities between TCMSP 13 143 compounds and SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease receptor-binding domain (PBD ID 6LU7), which involving in mediating viral replication and transcription functions. According to the constructed docking system, potential compounds were screened according to docking score, oral bioavailability (OB), and drug-likeness (DL). At last, a compounds-herb-target organ-function network was constructed. Result(s): Compared with 6LU7 original ligand docking score (-7.734), a total of 498 compounds were identified with lower docking score against 6LU7 targets. These compounds were further reduced to 60 high-priority compounds, based on OB (more than 30) and DL (more than 0.18). Meanwhile, these 60 compounds were found to interact with the amino acid residues (GLU166, GLY143, ASP187, CYS145, GLN189, LEU141, etc.) which were critically involved in the 6LU7 domain mainly by hydrogen-bonded interaction. The network exploring results revealed that these potential compounds were mainly attributed to Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Mori Cortex, Rhododendron dauricum, Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, and Plantaginis Herba, etc., which associates with acute lung syndromes induced by SARS-CoV-2, with the effect of clearing heat and removing toxin, relieving cough and dispelling phlegm and lung-draining and relieving asthma. Conclusion(s): Molecular docking method provides a useful tool for the screening of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitors from TCMSP platform. Copyright © 2020, Editorial Office of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. All right reserved.